METHOD STATEMENT-TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECTIFICATION OF FIRE ALARM, FIRE FIGHTING & EMERGENCY LIGHTS SYSTEM

1.0. Scope of work

1.1. Rectification of Fire Alarm system

1.2. Monitoring type Emergency Lights

1.3. Firefighting system

2.0. Health and Safety Requirements

To ensure safe operations during the rectification of fire alarm systems, monitoring emergency lights, and fire-fighting systems, adhere to the following:

2.1. Conduct a risk assessment before starting work.

2.2. De-energize systems and use appropriate lockout/tagout procedures.

2.3. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles.

2.4. Ensure proper ventilation in enclosed areas.

2.5. Maintain clear communication with team members.

2.6. Follow fire safety and electrical safety protocols strictly.

3.0. PPE Requirements: (List all the PPE required for the specific job)

3.1. Safety Shoes

3.2. Helmet

3.3. Safety Jacket

3.4. Hand gloves

4.0. Tools and Equipment Required

4.1. Hand Tools

4.2. Toolbox

4.3. HDPE Pipe Joining Machine

5.0. Rectification of Fire Alarm system and Monitoring type Emergency Lights

5.1. Obtain the client’s permission/site access for work.

5.2. Coordinate with the plant manager / HSE Person to identify the location, and confirm the area and equipment to perform the work.

5.3. Before starting the installation, check the area of installation and ensure the required material is available at the site.

5.4. Ensure that the work area is ready and safe to do the replacement of Fire alarm devices and Emergency / Exit Lights.

5.5. Isolate the required fire alarm devices and lights - If required.

5.6. First, remove the existing faulty fire alarm devices & lights, once removed keep them safe. After that install new fire alarm devices and emergency / Exit Lights in place of faulty devices /lights

5.7. Ensure all the newly installed devices and lights are installed properly.

5.8. Perform the required testing & commissioning of newly installed devices by activating the fire alarm system.

5.9. Perform the required testing & commissioning of new emergencies / Exit Lights using test mode.

5.10. Once the work is completed inform the plant manager and the concerned person at the site.

6.0. Rectification of Fire Fighting System

6.1. Obtain the client’s permission/site access for work.

6.2. Coordinate with the plant manager to identify the location, and confirm the area and equipment to perform the work.

6.3. Before starting the installation, check the area of installation and ensure the required material is available at the site.

6.4. Ensure that the work area is ready isolate the required firefighting line gate valves and drain the water if required.

6.5. Remove/Cut the old damaged HDPE pipe properly using Pipe Cutter. After that install a new HDPE pipe and fitting using an HDPE pipe joining machine.

6.6. Remove the existing damaged fire hose reel cabinet, before performing this activity make sure that all the firefighting components (like fire hose reel, Landing valve, Lock shield valve etc.) which are inside the cabinets are removed and keep them safe.

6.7. Install a new fire hose reel cabinet, after that refit the existing firefighting components inside the cabinet.

6.8. After completion of the above works, open the gate valves and pressurize the firefighting system.

7.0. Attachments

7.1. Job Safety Analysis/Risk Assessment

7.2. Inspection Testing Plan

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TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RECTIFICATION OF FIRE ALARM, FIRE FIGHTING & EMERGENCY LIGHTS SYSTEM

This concise guide details the technical requirements for rectifying fire alarm systems, fire fighting equipment, and emergency lighting. This HSE document resource outlines essential safety standards, troubleshooting steps, and compliance measures to ensure operational efficiency and adherence to fire safety regulations. It is perfect for safety professionals managing emergency systems.

1.0. TASK STEP

1.1. Manual Handling

1.2. Removal of existing faulty fire alarm devices & lights, HDPE pipe, and fire hose reel cabinet, using mobile scaffolding/ladder

1.3. Rectification of Fire Alarm System

1.4. Monitoring Emergency Lights and Fire Fighting Systems

1.5. HDPE Pipe Cutter

1.6. HDPE Pipe Joining Machine

1.7. Housekeeping

2.0. SAFETY ISSUE/HAZARD/RISK

2.1. Risk of musculoskeletal injuries from lifting or removing heavy items like fire hose reel cabinets and HDPE pipes.

2.2. Musculoskeletal disorders

2.3. Hand injuries

2.4. Cuts & bruises

2.5. Sharp Objects: Exposed pipes, cabinet corners, and cutting tools.

2.6. Falling Objects: Dismantled Fire Hose Reels components or tools.

2.7. Pressurized System: Residual pressure in pipes or Fire Hose Reels cabinet sharp edges.

2.8. Electrical Hazards: Contact with electrical wires during dismantling near electrical panels (if applicable).

2.9. Slippery Surfaces: Water leaks or spills.

2.10. Physical Injury: Cuts, scrapes, punctures, or strains from tools, falling debris, or pressurized components.

2.11. Property Damage: Accidental damage to surrounding structures, electrical wiring, or plumbing.

2.12. Water Damage: Accidental discharge of water from the system.

2.13. Electric shock

2.14. Short circuits

2.15. Falling from height

2.16. Dust and debris exposure

2.17. Improper tool handling

2.18. Fire risk during system testing

2.19. Battery leaks from emergency lights

2.20. Electrical shock

2.21. Falls from ladders or platforms

2.22. False system activations

2.23. Exposure to hazardous substances (e.g., extinguishing agents)

2.24. Cutting blade injuries

2.25. Flying debris

2.26. Noise hazards

2.27. Burns from heating elements

2.28. Pinching or crushing injuries

2.29. Electrical hazards

2.30. Fumes from heating HDPE material

2.31. Manual handling injuries

2.32. Slips and trips

2.33. Falling Objects

2.34. Slips, Trips, and fall

2.35. Scaffolding and Ladder-Related Falls

2.36. Electrical Hazards

2.37. Manual Handling Injuries

2.38. Dust and Debris Exposure

2.39. Pinch Points and Sharp Edges

2.40. Improper Waste Disposal

3.0. CAUSES

3.1. Improper assembly or locking mechanisms of scaffolding.

3.2. Please ensure ladders/scaffolding or improper use.

3.3. Overexertion or poor lifting techniques.

3.4. Not disconnecting power before removing electrical devices.

3.5. Improper assembly or locking mechanisms of scaffolding.

3.6. Opening conduit systems or drilling in areas with dust accumulation.

3.7. Using damaged or unsuitable tools.

3.8. Contact with live electrical components

3.9. Inadequate insulation or faulty wiring

3.10. Working on elevated areas without proper safety measures

3.11. Opening ceiling panels or conduits

3.12. Using damaged or inappropriate tools

3.13. Ignition sources during system activation

3.14. Handling damaged batteries or components

3.15. Touching live electrical parts during inspection

3.16. Improper ladder setup or unstable platforms

3.17. Lifting or moving heavy equipment like extinguishers

3.18. Incorrect testing procedures

3.19. Leakage from fire extinguishers or suppression systems

3.20. Contact with moving or exposed cutting blades

3.21. Material fragments propelled during cutting

3.22. Prolonged exposure to high noise levels

3.23. Improper lifting or handling of HDPE pipes

3.24. Damaged or faulty electrical connections

3.25. Improper storage of tools or pipe sections creates trip hazards

3.26. Contact with heated surfaces or pipes during joining

3.27. Moving parts of the joining machine

3.28. Faulty wiring or improper connections

3.29. Inadequate ventilation during the heating process

3.30. Improper handling of heavy pipes or equipment

3.31. Cluttered workspaces with scattered tools or pipes

3.32. Dropping tools, and components, or removing items from height.

3.33. Improper handling of parts like HDPE pipes or fire alarm devices.

3.34. Head injuries, cuts, bruises, or fractures.

3.35. Accumulation of debris, dust, or removed items on the floor.

3.36. Wet or uneven surfaces.

3.37. Improper housekeeping during dismantling activities.

3.38. Improper ladder setup or scaffolding assembly.

3.39. Overreaching or loss of balance during work.

3.40. Faulty or unstable scaffolding components.

3.41. Contact with live electrical wires or components during removal.

3.42. Need for adequate insulation of electrical tools.

3.43. Lifting or carrying heavy parts such as HDPE pipes or fire hose reel cabinets.

3.44. Improper lifting techniques.

3.45. Dismantling of pipes, devices, and cabinets.

3.46. Accumulation of dust and debris during removal.

3.47. Handling faulty devices, sharp pipe edges, or fire hose cabinets.

3.48. Mishandling during removal or disposal.

3.49. Incorrect segregation and disposal of waste materials like electrical components, wires, or plastic.

4.0. POTENTIAL INJURY/DAMAGE

4.1. Musculoskeletal Injuries: Back strain, shoulder injuries.

4.2. Fall: Broken bones, head injuries, or sprains.

4.3. Impact from Falling Objects: Head or body injuries to workers below.

4.4. Electric Shock: Burns, nerve damage, or electrocution.

4.5. Musculoskeletal Injuries: Back strain, shoulder injuries.

4.6. Respiratory Issues: Inhalation of dust particles leading to irritation or long-term lung problems.

4.7. Cuts and Abrasions: Injuries from sharp tools or objects.

4.8. Electrical burns, shock, or electrocution

4.9. Damage to equipment or nearby property

4.10. Falls causing fractures, sprains, or head injuries

4.11. Respiratory irritation or eye injury from dust

4.12. Cuts or abrasions from sharp tools

4.13. Fire leading to property damage or severe burns

4.14. Chemical burns or respiratory issues from battery leakage

4.15. Electric shock or electrocution

4.16. Injuries from falls such as fractures or contusions

4.17. Accidental system discharge causing damage or injury

4.18. Environmental contamination due to hazardous substance spills

4.19. Lacerations or amputations

4.20. Eye injuries due to debris

4.21. Hearing loss or discomfort

4.22. Sprains or falls from tripping

4.23. Skin burns or scalds

4.24. Crush injuries to fingers or hands

4.25. Electrical shock or burns

4.26. Respiratory irritation from HDPE fumes

4.27. Back strain or musculoskeletal injuries

4.28. Falls or minor injuries from tripping

4.29. Head injuries, cuts, bruises, or fractures.

4.30. Sprains, bruises, or fractures.

4.31. Fractures, head injuries, or other impact injuries.

4.32. Electrical shock, burns, or electrocution.

4.33. Back strain, musculoskeletal injuries, or cuts.

4.34. Respiratory irritation, eye injuries, or allergic reactions.

4.35. Cuts, lacerations, or crushed fingers.

4.36. Environmental contamination or minor injuries from hazardous materials.

5.0. CONTROLS

For each hazard or risk, define the protective measures to be taken.

5.1. Train workers on proper lifting techniques to avoid injuries.

5.2. Use mechanical aids such as trolleys or hoists for heavy items.

5.3. Plan the removal process to avoid awkward or repetitive movements.

5.4. Use scaffolding that meets safety standards and is inspected before use.

5.5. Position scaffolding on firm, level ground and apply brakes to prevent movement.

5.6. Limit the number of people and weight on the scaffolding to its specified capacity."

5.7. START card briefing must be before the activity

5.8. Ensure the PTW is in place.

5.9. Ensure a proper working platform with complete fall protection

5.10. Ensure Full body harness and 100% Tie off

5.11. Ensure the scaffold platform is properly erected with a "Safe to use" tag.

5.12. Ensure castor wheels are locked

5.13. Hand tools must be secured/tethered

5.14. Work materials are strictly not allowed to be stored on the platform except for working tools

5.15. Ensure to avoid overreaching and climbing on the handrail.

5.16. Ensure unauthorized persons are not allowed to modify the scaffolding and if needed any changes then must be modified by trained and certified scaffolders.

5.17. Ensure safe access to the working platform

5.18. Scaffold access must be free from obstruction

5.19. Ensure sufficient illumination in the work area

5.20. Ensure while fitting the GI clamp and brackets operatives must safely use the drill machine to avoid finger injury.

5.21. Ensure that working near fragile surfaces special care of body and eye protection with necessary PPE.

6.0. SPECIFIC HAZARDS CONTROLS

6.1. Sharp Objects: Use proper cutting tools and handle dismantled components with care.

6.2. Falling Objects: Secure overhead components before dismantling. Clear the work area of unnecessary items.

6.3. Pressurized System: Isolate the system from the water supply before starting work. Slowly bleed off any residual pressure.

6.4. Electrical Hazards: If working near electrical panels, ensure qualified personnel disconnect power before starting work.

6.5. Slippery Surfaces: Use towels or spill mats to absorb any water leaks.

6.6. Must clean the debris after completion of the job and maintain good housekeeping.

7.0. ADDITIONAL CONTROL MEASURES

7.1. Depending on the size and complexity of the system, consider involving licensed plumbers or fire protection specialists.

7.2. Have a fire extinguisher readily available in case of an unexpected fire.

7.3. Have a plan to address any unexpected water leaks.

7.4. Cover valuable items or furniture in the work area to protect them from dust or debris.

7.5. Ensure power is switched off before commencing work and use lockout-tagout (LOTO) procedures.

7.6. Use insulated tools and wear electrical PPE (gloves, boots).

7.7. Install and work with fall protection systems like harnesses for work at height.

7.8. Use dust masks and safety goggles when opening panels or working in dusty areas.

7.9. Conduct tool inspection for damage before use.

7.10. Have a fire extinguisher readily available and verify the system’s fire testing mode.

7.11. Conduct a job hazard analysis (JHA) before starting work.

7.12. Ensure all workers are trained and competent for the task.

7.13. Maintain clear communication with the team to avoid accidental system triggers.

7.14. Display warning signs around the work area to keep unauthorized personnel out.

7.15. Regularly inspect and maintain all equipment to avoid malfunctions.

7.16. Keep a first aid kit and emergency response plan ready for immediate action.

7.17. Inspect batteries for leaks or damage and handle them with appropriate PPE.

7.18. Disconnect the power supply or use isolation techniques before inspecting electrical components.

7.19. Use stable ladders/platforms and follow ladder safety protocols.

7.20. Apply safe lifting techniques and use mechanical aids where feasible.

7.21. Train workers on proper testing methods to avoid false activations.

7.22. Ensure containment and cleanup materials are available for handling hazardous substances.

7.23. Use guards on cutting blades and maintain tools regularly.

7.24. Ensure operators wear PPE such as gloves, safety goggles, and face shields.

7.25. Enforce the use of hearing protection if noise exceeds permissible limits.

7.26. Provide training on proper lifting techniques and use mechanical aids for heavy pipes.

7.27. Inspect electrical equipment for damage before use and ensure proper grounding.

7.28. Keep the work area clean and store tools and materials neatly.

7.29. Train operators to handle heated components safely and use thermal-resistant gloves.

7.30. Install guards on moving parts and use tools to guide pipes into position instead of hands.

7.31. Inspect and maintain electrical systems, and use RCDs (Residual Current Devices) where applicable.

7.32. Ensure adequate ventilation or use exhaust systems to remove fumes.

7.33. Provide manual handling training and utilize lifting equipment for heavy pipes.

7.34. Maintain a tidy work area with tools and materials stored appropriately.

7.35. Pre-task Risk Assessment: Conduct a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) to identify site-specific risks.

7.36. PPE Compliance: Ensure all workers wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, safety shoes, and hearing protection.

7.37. Training and Competency: Ensure operators are trained on both the equipment and safety protocols.

7.38. Equipment Maintenance: Regularly inspect and service the cutter and joining machine to ensure they are in good working condition.

7.39. Emergency Preparedness: Keep first aid kits nearby and ensure workers are trained to respond to injuries or equipment malfunctions.

7.40. Clear Work Zones: Establish designated work zones to prevent unauthorized access and reduce interference.

7.41. Use a tool lanyard to secure tools.

7.42. Set up exclusion zones beneath the work area.

7.43. Provide helmets with chin straps to all workers.

7.44. Regularly clear debris and ensure waste bins are used.

7.45. Mark wet areas with warning signs and ensure surfaces are dry before continuing work.

7.46. Maintain clear walkways.

7.47. Inspect scaffolding and ladders before use for stability and damage.

7.48. Use fall protection equipment (harnesses, lifelines) where required.

7.49. Follow proper ladder safety procedures (e.g., 3-point contact rule).

7.50. Isolate electrical power and confirm de-energization before starting work.

7.51. Use insulated tools and wear electrical-rated gloves and boots.

7.52. Adhere to lockout-tagout (LOTO) procedures.

7.53. Use mechanical lifting aids where feasible.

7.54. Train workers on proper manual handling techniques.

7.55. Ensure a two-person lift for heavy or bulky items.

7.56. Wear dust masks and safety goggles.

7.57. Use industrial vacuums to clean up fine dust particles promptly.

7.58. Work in well-ventilated areas or use local exhaust systems.

7.59. Wear cut-resistant gloves during handling.

7.60. Use proper tools designed for the task.

7.61. Avoid placing hands near pinch points.

7.62. Follow waste segregation and disposal guidelines.

7.63. Use labeled bins for hazardous and non-hazardous materials.

7.64. Train workers on the importance of proper disposal.

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RISK ASSESSMENT FOR LANDSCAPING

Risk Assessment for Landscaping" by HSE Documents offers a free, detailed guide to identifying hazards in landscaping tasks. It covers risks like equipment usage, manual handling, and chemical exposure, providing practical control measures to ensure safety and compliance in outdoor work environments. Perfect for professionals prioritizing health, safety, and environmental standards.

1.0. JOB / TASK STEP

1.1. Accessing the site and starting work

1.2. Conducting landscaping work

1.3. Completing task / pack up

2.0. HAZARDS / RISKS

2.1. Traffic hazards

2.2. Contact with services

2.3. Slips, trips and falls

2.4. Sunburn/dehydration

2.5. Electrical hazards

2.6. Noise hazards

2.7. Chemical hazards

2.8. Falls/injuries caused during landscaping works

2.9. Falling objects

2.10. Incorrect use of trestles

2.11. Incorrect use of mobile scaffold

2.12. Incorrect installation of scaffolding

2.13. Use of plant and machinery:

2.14. Crush injuries

2.15. Plant collision

2.16. Plant rollover

2.17. Risks related to excavations:

2.18. Contact with underground services

2.19. Unauthorized access

2.20. Trench collapse

2.21. Inadequate use of lifting equipment

2.22. Injuries caused by the use of hand and power tools

2.23. Plant or equipment malfunction

2.24. The worker is not competent with plant/equipment.

2.25. Eye injuries

2.26. Hand injuries

2.27. Flying debris

2.28. Silica exposure

2.29. Manual handling injuries

2.30. Equipment damaged during shift

2.31. Site security / unauthorized entry

2.32. Slips, trips, and falls

2.33. Hazardous substances and flammables

3.0. CONTROL MEASURES

3.1. Signage, flagging, or delineation of the work zone.

3.2. Workers to be aware of traffic hazards.

3.3. Maintain exclusion zones around power lines. Use spotters if necessary.

3.4. DBYD and ensure underground services are protected before excavation.

3.5. Good housekeeping. Wear non-slip shoes.

3.6. Pay attention when walking.

3.7. Sun protection (broad-brimmed hard hat, sunscreen, long-sleeve clothing).

3.8. Drink plenty of water. Avoid excessive caffeine.

3.9. Testing and tagging of electrical equipment. Safely run leads.

3.10. Inspect electrical equipment before use.

3.11. RCDs in use.

3.12. Hearing protection is to be worn if noise levels are over 85 dBA.

3.13. Ensure that the loud plant or equipment is positioned away from workers, if possible.

3.14. An up-to-date SDS register is available for all hazardous substances.

3.15. All safety controls are in place as per SDS. All spills are to be reported to the supervisor.

3.16. Refer to SDS for chemical properties and storage/handling procedures.

3.17. For works over 2m high (or 3m high in residential construction with roof pitch less than 26°), personnel are to ensure there is something physically stopping the worker from falling, e.g.:

3.18. Conducting the work of a solid construction

3.19. Using a fall prevention device (handrails etc.)

3.20. Conducting the work from a work platform

3.21. Using a fall restraint system

3.22. Using a fall arrest system.

3.23. Staff are to be trained and competent in using safety equipment and procedures for working at heights (working at heights training may be required).

3.24. Working at heights gear is to be fit for purpose and tested/tagged (if required).

3.25. For works under 2m high, risks are to be assessed and managed.

3.26. When working from ladders workers need to remember the following:

3.27. Only industrial ladders are to be used

3.28. Work from the top 2 rungs of a ladder is not permitted

3.29. Ladders and other working at heights equipment are to be inspected before use

3.30. Workers should never lean or conduct heavy work off a ladder.

3.31. Personnel need to pay attention to signs and do not enter any exclusion zones established on site.

3.32. All workers are to wear the correct PPE.

3.33. When working with trestles workers must:

3.34. Inspect trestles before use for damage or defects

3.35. Secure trestles on a stable surface to prevent tipping

3.36. Ensure handrails or harnesses are used, as required

3.37. Follow weight capacity guidelines and not overload trestles.

3.38. When working with mobile scaffolds workers must:

3.39. Inspect mobile scaffold for damage before use

3.40. Lock wheels to prevent unintended movement

3.41. Use guardrails and platforms, as required

3.42. Avoid overloading and respect weight limits.

3.43. When working with scaffolding supervisors/workers must ensure that it is:

3.44. Built by competent workers (high-risk license is required if scaffold is over 4m)

3.45. Fit for purpose

3.46. Located on a stable ground

3.47. Equipped with guard rails, mid rails, and toe boards

3.48. Equipped with safe access without gaps.

3.49. Scaffold that is deemed unsafe must be locked out or tagged out.

3.50. The scaffold needs to be inspected by a competent person before use:

3.51. After alterations or repairs

3.52. After an event (e.g., high winds or storms, hit by plant, unauthorized modifications) that could affect scaffold integrity or stability

3.53. At regular intervals at most 30 days.

3.54. Workers are to keep their distance from plants and machinery.

3.55. Only competent and authorized personnel are allowed to use plants and machinery.

3.56. Lift loads or attachments over workers

3.57. Ride on machinery (unless in approved seating)

3.58. Operate machinery under the influence of drugs or alcohol

3.59. Use a phone while operating a plant or machinery.

3.60. Ensure plant exclusion zones are implemented and enforced.

3.61. Use spotters as necessary.

3.62. Before excavation works personnel need to ensure that:

3.63. Underground services are identified and marked (via DBYD or service locators)

3.64. Exclusion zones are established as per located services where it is impossible to locate and mark all services a full-time competent spotter should be with the plant at all times.

3.65. Barricades, fencing, and signage must prevent unauthorized access near trenches.

3.66. Before entering a trench, that is over 1.5m, workers need to ensure that:

3.67. They are authorized to do so (e.g., via excavation permit)

3.68. Battering, benching, or shoring is installed

3.69. Safe access is provided.

3.70. Before lifting operations workers need to ensure that:

3.71. Lifting plant and equipment is approved and fit for purpose

3.72. Lifting gear is tested/tagged

3.73. Exclusion zones are established.

3.74. Workers need to inspect all lifting gear before use.

3.75. It is PROHIBITED to:

3.76. Exceed SWLs of lifting equipment

3.77. Stand under suspended loads.

3.78. Workers are to use taglines if necessary.

3.79. Workers are to be competent and trained in hand/power tools.

3.80. Workers are to inspect the tools and cords for damage before use.

3.81. Workers are to ensure all electrical leads are tested and tagged.

3.82. Workers are never to remove guarding or make other alterations to tools.

3.83. Adequate PPE is to be worn as required.

3.84. Ensure pre-start checks are completed.

3.85. Ensure all guarding is in place and fit for purpose.

3.86. Report any faults to the supervisor.

3.87. Ensure all safety glasses are worn. Ensure all guarding is in place.

3.88. Only competent and authorized personnel to complete this task.

3.89. Ensure all guarding is in place. Ensure appropriate gloves are worn.

3.90. Safety glasses (double eye protection when welding/grinding).

3.91. Exclusion zones around hazardous work.

3.92. Ensure areas are wet down to reduce dust.

3.93. Ensure dust extraction is used on equipment (if fitted). Wear appropriate respiratory PPE if dust levels cannot be controlled.

3.94. All personnel must be inducted.

3.95. Adopt good posture and manual handling techniques.

3.96. Use of mechanical devices. Team lifting.

3.97. Report damaged equipment to the supervisor and tag it out.

3.98. Ensure gates/fences are secured before leaving the site.

3.99. Ensure tools and equipment are stored appropriately.

3.100. Place all rubbish in a bin.

3.101. Ensure hazardous substances and flammables are stored appropriately.

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HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S) AWARENESS TRAINING

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1.0. Course Objective

2.0. Class Topics

3.0. Production & Occurrence

4.0. H2S Occurrence

5.0. Names

6.0. Properties and Characteristics of H2S

7.0. H2S is an Irritant

8.0. H2S affects our body

9.0. Exposure Limits

10.0. TEL, Ceiling, and TWA

11.0. Different concentrations of H2S

12.0. Flammability

13.0. SO2

14.0. SO2 – Sulfur Dioxide

15.0. Corrosiveness

16.0. Detection & Monitoring

17.0. Personal Monitor & Gas Detector

18.0. Fixed Monitor

19.0. Alarm System

20.0. Stay wind smart

21.0. PROTECTION AGAINST H2S

22.0. SCBA

23.0. Using SCBA

24.0. Rescue Procedures

25.0. First Aid Procedures

1.0. Course Objective

1.1. To prepare the Employees to know what are the potential hazards when working around the environment of Hydrogen Sulphide.

1.2. How to protect themselves from H2S, and other employees. 

2.0. Class Topics

2.1. Production

2.2. Properties and Characteristics

2.3. Effect on our Body

2.4. Exposure Limits

2.5. Monitoring

2.6. Emergency Procedures

2.7. Rescue

2.8. First Aid Procedures 

3.0. Production & Occurrence

3.1. H2S is a deadly gas comprising one atom of sulfur and two atoms of hydrogen.

3.2. H2S formed when bacteria break the sulfur-rich proteins found in dead plants and animals where oxygen is not present

3.3. H2S is created by chemicals or bacteria introduced into the formation during production operations. Such as acidizing or water 

4.0. H2S Occurrence

4.1. The largest industrial producer of H2S is the Petroleum Industry.

4.2. Other sources include coke ovens, paper mills, and tanneries.

4.3. H2S gas can also be present naturally in well water, is used widely in refining processes, and sometimes in sewerage lines and manholes. 

5.0. Names

5.1. There are many names for H2S

5.2. Sour Gas

5.3. Rotten Egg gas

5.4. Sulphureted Hydrogen

6.0. Properties and Characteristics of H2S

6.1. There are many other names for Hydrogen Sulphide but the most common name is‘H2S’ 

6.2. Colorless

6.3. Offensive odor (rotten eggs)

6.4. Concentrations >100ppm (Parts per Million) paralyze the sense of smell

6.5. Extremely toxic

6.6. Easily dispersed by wind or fans

6.7. Flammable

6.8. Flammable Range from 4.3% LEL – 46% UEL

6.9. Corrosive

6.10. Heavier than air (specific gravity 1.189)

6.11. Soluble in oil and water. 

7.0. H2S is an Irritant

7.1. H2S is an irritant gas when reacts to water it forms a weak acid.

7.2. There is water in our eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system which leads to irritation

7.3. Examples: burning eyes, sore/scratchy throat, and coughing, respiratory irritation. 

7.4. Normal Breathing System

7.5. When we breathe we breathe in oxygen and gas exchange takes place through air sacks (alveoli) in our lungs.

7.6. We then breathe out oxygen and carbon dioxide

7.7. Oxygen Reaction with blood

7.8. This oxygen is mixed with our red blood cells and when this blood moves in our body and brain our whole body gets oxygen as a result we can breathe.

7.9. H2S reacts to our brain:

• Once H2S is in your brain it attacks the respiratory control center. H2S tries to shut it down, and as a result, we cannot breathe.
• H2S also deadens the sense of smell.
• At a concentration of greater than 100 ppm, your sense of smell is finished.
• So never trust your nose to detect H2S.

8.0. H2S affects our body

H2S affects our body depends on three ways:

8.1. Duration:

• How long have you been exposed to H2S

8.2. Intensity:

• What is the concentration of H2S?

8.3. Susceptibility:

• The Health of Individuals 

9.0. Exposure Limits

9.1. PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit):

• Defined as a maximum air concentration you can be exposed for 8 hours a shift or 40 hours a week without respiratory protection.
• Established by OSHA, making it law.
• PEL for H2S = 10 PPM (Parts per Million)
• In PEL you cannot exceed 10 PPM (Parts per Million) at any time.

9.2. STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limits):

• Some gases and vapors have an allowable maximum Short Term Exposure Limit
• Based on 15-minute time exposure STEL for H2S= 15 PPM (Parts per Million)

9.3. IDLH (Immediately dangerous to life and Health):

• At once affects your body, irritation in your eyes, nose, and throat and you lose your sense at this concentration.
• IDLH for H2S = 100PPM (Parts per Million)

9.4. TWA (Time Weighted Average):

• Defined as the maximum concentration of any toxic gas to which a worker can be exposed for an average of 8 hours a shift or 40 hours a week.
• TWA for H2S = 10 PPM (Parts per Million)
• You can cross this range or less than this range, but your average should be
• 10 PPM (Parts per Million) for 8 hours. Also, do not cross the ceiling value at any time or 15 PPM (Parts per Million) for 15 min only.

9.5. Ceiling:

• Ceiling is the maximum concentration to which an unprotected worker may be exposed.
• Ceiling concentration should never be exceeded even for an instant
• The ceiling for H2S = 25 PPM (Parts per Million)

10.0. TEL, Ceiling, and TWA

11.0. Different concentrations of H2S

11.1. With different concentrations of H2S different effects on our health

11.2. 1 PPM              Smell (rotten egg)

11.3. 10 PPM            8 hr. TWA

11.4. 15 PPM            15 min

11.5. 100 PPM          Lose sense of smell, coughing, burning in eyes, headache and dizziness, and respiratory Irritation.

11.6. 300 PPM         Loss of consciousness with a time less than 30 min.

11.7. 1000PPM        Immediate respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness, followed by death. 

12.0. Flammability

12.1. H2S is a highly flammable and explosive gas

12.2. The flammability range

12.3. LEL = 4.3% or 43,000PPM: 1% = 10,000 PPM

12.4. UEL = 46% or 460,000 PPM

12.5. When H2S gets fire there is another toxic gas SO2 (Sulfur dioxide)

12.6. PEL for S02 = 2 PPM

12.7. IDLH for SO2 = 20 PPM 

13.0. SO2

13.1. SO2 is a colorless and highly toxic gas.

13.2. When it reacts with water it forms a weak sulfuric acid.

13.3. It burns with a blue flame.

13.4. It can suffocate the victims.

13.5. It will also burn your lungs from the inside by forming acid and destroying the alveoli.

13.6. Specific gravity of SO2 is 2.264 (where air = 1).

13.7. So it is heavier than air.

14.0. SO2 – Sulfur Dioxide

2 PPM: Safe 8-hour Exposure- TLV

5 PPM: Pungent detectable odor- STEL

12 PPM:     Severe chest constriction, throat &eye irritation – TLV- C

100 PPM:  Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health- IDLH

500 PPM:  Causes nausea, and suffocation even at first breath

15.0. Corrosiveness

15.1. H2S corrodes the carbon steel readily.

15.2. The oxidization (rusting) on the surface of the metal from iron sulfide scale, or black scale.

15.3. The iron sulfide scale is pyrophoric.

15.4. Iron sulfide will flash as it dries and is exposed to air.

15.5. H2S also produces corrosiveness in pipelines and drilling equipment causing them to break down. 

16.0. Detection & Monitoring

16.1. An essential part of an effective safety procedure

• Human senses cannot be relied upon
• At very low concentrations, H2S paralyzes the sense of smell.
• Always trust on gas monitor.
• When they give the alarm evacuate immediately. 

16.2. There are two types of monitoring

Many years ago some kind of animal detected H2S

• Personal Monitor
• Fixed monitors

17.0. Personal Monitor & Gas Detector

17.1. Small and convenient

17.2. Can be taken everywhere with you and is easy to use.

17.3. Monthly Pump check

17.4. Three months calibration.

17.5. Give alarm at 10 PPM

17.6. There is vibration, light, and alarm 

18.0. Fixed Monitor

18.1. On the rig floor at the Driller’s position and about 18 inches above the floor.

18.2. At the top of the bell nipple.

18.3. At the flow line opening to the shale shaker.

18.4. Cellar or underneath the choke manifold, above the choke manifold skid floor

19.0. Alarm System

19.1. Amber strobe lights and horn

19.2. First alarm at 10 ppm (visual)

19.3. High alarm at 20 ppm (visual & audible).

19.4. The alarm system shall be located in a clearly visible 

locations so that personnel in any work area can 

see and/or hear at least one set.

19.5. Audible alarms be inside the rig site living quarters.

19.6. The H2S alarm system shall be positioned at the rig camp 

so that all personnel can see and hear the alarm. 

20.0. Stay wind smart

20.1. Always pay attention to flags or wind socks

20.2. When the alarm sounds retreat crosswind to a safe breathing area.

21.0. PROTECTION AGAINST H2S

These are the types of respirators for the H2S environment

21.1. Air Line Unit

21.2. Escape unit

21.3. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

• H2S Environments require Positive Pressure in the face mask
• Pushes the air out of the leaks instead of letting you pull toxic gases in 
• The cylinder contained grade D or grade E air, not pure oxygen.
• Air contains many gases

21.4. Escape Unit:

• This contains only 5 min of air
• Not used for rescue or work

21.5. Air Line unit:

• This contains only 15 min air and this 15 min air is used for escape.
• Use for work after taking the line from the cascade system. 

22.0. SCBA

SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus). This contained only 30 of air. When we use SCBA

22.1. Gas testing

22.2. Rescue of casualty in enclosed or confined space

22.3. Firefighting

22.4. Containing or cleaning toxic spills

22.5. Where the use of cascade system air supply dangerous

22.6. Recovering control of adverse operational situation

22.7. In case of an emergency 

22.8. SCBA key features:

• Positive pressure system
• Open circuit
• Demand valve
• Pressure reducer 

22.9. SCBA face mask difficulties:

• Facial hair
• Spectacles
• Using a mask in an enclosed space
• Small or irregularly shaped faces 

23.0. Using SCBA

23.1. Prepare Equipment – check cylinder pressure, face piece, and harness.

23.2. Put on Cylinder – adjust and tighten straps.

23.3. Put on Face piece – Tighten straps starting at the chin first.

23.4. Negative Pressure Test – Block the face piece opening and breathe in to check for seal and breathe out to check the exhalation valve.

23.5.Connect Air – Open the cylinder, connect the regulator, and breathe. 

24.0. Rescue Procedures

• 24.1. H2S kills many of us when we are not trained, and we attempt rescue.
• 24.2. Remember always to protect yourself first than others.
• 24.3. Always work in pairs or use the buddy system
• 24.4. You should know how to use SCBA.
• 24.5. If you are not trained do not do rescue 

A. Step 1 – Evacuate immediately – if there is a release of H2S you must evacuate the areas immediately, moving upwind or crosswind and to a higher location.

B. Step 2 – Sound the Alarm – notify the control room that there is an H2S release and where. Ask for help.

C. Step 3 – Assess the Situation – quickly assess if other hazards could put you at risk. (Explosive mixture)

D. Step 4 – Protect yourself by putting on SCBA. Always don breathing air before attempting a rescue. Use SCBA packs and never escape packs for performing a rescue. 

E. Step 5 – Rescue the victim – You may rescue yourself if you know help is coming. Move the victim upwind to fresh air.

F. Step 6 – Revive the Victim – assess the victim for vital signs. If not breathing artificial respiration must be started.

G. Step 7 – Get Medical Aid – All H2S victims require medical attention. Never leave the victim alone. 

25.0. First Aid Procedures

25.1. Determine unresponsiveness

25.2. Open the airway.

25.3. Give 2 slow breaths

25.4. Check for a pulse

25.5. If no pulse, begin chest compressions. 

25.6. 30 compressions and 2 slow breaths.

25.7. After 4 cycles or 1 minute, check pulse again.

Note: you should be trained in CPR before administering it.

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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND CONTROL PROCEDURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

2.0. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

3.0. RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1. Project Manager

3.2. Safety Officer

3.3. HR Officer

3.4. Chief Executive Officer

3.5. Finance Controller:

4.0. PROCEDURES

4.1. Emergency

4.2. Disaster

4.3. Emergency Planning:

4.4. Emergency Assembly Point:

4.5. In the Event of an Emergency

4.6. Fire Protection Education

5.0. RECORDS

6.0. DISTRIBUTIONS

1.0. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The potential for emergencies and disasters at all construction sites and facilities and their associated costs can be devastating in terms of employee casualties, business interruption, loss of capital investment, etc. These events cannot always be prevented, but their frequency and impact can be minimized by developing emergency response plans tailored to address immediate concerns related to [COMPANY NAME] operations. These plans should also align with and integrate any emergency response procedures required by the Client.

The following instructions specify [COMPANY NAME] minimum emergency planning and response instructions.

[COMPANY NAME] expects that all personnel working on site will adhere to the following emergency response instructions.

2.0. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ERP: Emergency Response Procedure

Emergency: Serious, unexpected, and potentially threatening situation requiring immediate action

CEO: Chief Executive Officer

HR: Human Resources Officer

PO: Process Owner

3.0. RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1. Project Manager

3.1.1. The Project Manager is responsible for assigning one safety officer with sole authorisation to comply with these procedures and effectively operate associated work activities.

3.2. Safety Officer

3.2.1. The Project Safety officer shall be responsible for supporting Emergency Response Operations.

3.2.2. Provide technical information, training, and support to project employees while maintaining an effective information network with the Project Office (PO).

3.2.3. Monitor employee adherence to the emergency instructions and implementation of this procedure.

3.3. HR Officer

3.3.1. Coordinate with local hospitals, police, and medical insurance providers to arrange emergency medical assistance for employees.

3.3.2. If any employee is injured in the incident inform his / her relatives as requested/appropriate

3.4. Chief Executive Officer

Deal with local authorities on key issues involving the emergency response.

3.5. Finance Controller: 

Inform insurance companies for claims.  Provide adequate funds for mobilizing emergency response resources

4.0. PROCEDURES

4.1. Emergency

An emergency is an abnormal incident posing a threat to the safety of workers, residents, the environment or property at a facility or site and which can be managed effectively using the available resources and established emergency response procedures at the facility or site.

4.2. Disaster

• A disaster is a critical situation that significantly threatens the safety of workers, residents, the environment, or property at a facility or site. It exceeds the capacity of existing emergency response resources and procedures to manage effectively. The escalation of an emergency into a disaster depends on the following factors:

The type of facility;

• The hazards of the facility operations
• The closeness of nearby communities or surrounding facilities
• The capabilities of emergency personnel
• Mutual aid capabilities of outside agencies

4.3. Emergency Planning: 

This entails creating a detailed plan outlining the actions that trained personnel must take during an emergency to effectively manage the situation and reduce its overall negative impact on workers, residents, the environment, or property at a facility or site. This planning process also includes developing emergency response strategies and implementing training and drills for all facility personnel.

4.4. Emergency Assembly Point: 

The location will be designated by the Safety officer as per the project conditions or as per the client's designated assembly point. Support staff assemble to respond to an emergency. It is a centralized location for monitoring the facility response and also serves as a command centre for coordinating all communications, including the allocation and distribution of information. Workshop assembly is designated near the security room

4.5. In the Event of an Emergency

• The Safety Officer or designated representative will serve as the Emergency Response Coordinator.
• Contact Relevant emergency service/s clearly stating:
• Type of accident
• Location of Incident
• Number & nature of any casualties.

4.6. Emergency Contact Telephone Numbers

Police: 999

Ambulance: 999

Civil Defense: 997

Nearest Hospital: ABC

Safety Officer: 00000000

HR Officer: 00000000

Project Manager: 00000000

Customer Rep: 00000000

• If safely possible, secure & make safe affected area.
• Provide immediate medical attention to any injured individuals.
• All persons working directly / indirectly for [COMPANY NAME] to safely make their way to the designated assembly point.
• A daily list of all persons working for [COMPANY NAME] will be kept up–to–date & used in the event of an emergency to account for everyone on site. Emergency Response Coordinator to check the names of all persons at the assembly point against the list.
• No persons are to re-enter the affected area until notified as being safe to do so by the Project Manager/Safety Officer/Emergency Response Co-coordinator or relevant emergency services authority.
• Ensure the development, documentation, and implementation of the emergency response training and drill activities listed below, to guarantee that all personnel involved in emergency response are proficient in both its theory and practical application.

4.7. Fire Protection Education

Fire protection education for the workforce typically involves the following:

4.7.1. Emergency Response

Emergency response training will be one or more times per year. The workforce needs to know how to turn in and respond to alarms. This shall be rehearsed

4.7.2. Firefighting

• Workers shall practice using portable fire extinguishers and hoses at least yearly if they are expected to use the equipment. A yearly review of the fixed fire protection systems and manual operation of those systems is necessary
• The logbook shall be maintained for updating the status of firefighting.
• Simulation of assembly operations during an emergency
• Field simulations/drills or credible scenarios
• Lessons learned from the emergencies shall be recorded.
• Corrective actions will be taken to ensure continuous improvement.

5.0. RECORDS

Emergency Evacuation Drill Reports

6.0. DISTRIBUTIONS

To all Controlled copyholders.

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