Evacuation and its Types
What is Construction Evacuation, and how many types of Excavations Are?
Excavation is the mechanism of moving earth, rock or other materials with hand tools, equipment, heavy machinery or explosives. It encompasses various earthwork, deep trenching, wall shafts, tunneling and underground. Excavation has various essential purposes including exploration (mines & natural), environmental restoration, construction. Among all of the above mentioned, construction is one of the most frequent functions for excavation. Excavation is utilized in construction field to create building foundations, reservoirs and roads structures.
- Topsoil excavation
- Earth excavation
- Rock excavation
- Muck excavation
- Unclassified excavation
Both excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous and fatal construction operations. As per Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) definition, an excavation is as man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth's surface made by earth removal light and heavy machinery and tools.
The absolute excavation mechanism includes:
- Setting out corner benchmarks
- Surveying ground and top levels
- Excavation to the approved depth
- Dressing the loose soil
- Making up to cut off level
- The composition or construction of dewatering wells and interconnecting trenches
- Making boundaries of the building
- The construction of protection bunds and drains
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